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The authors found that the IF diet may be an alternative for weight loss and glycemic control during 12 weeks. compared the effectiveness of the IF diet in the 5:2 system with the continuous energy restriction (CER) diet. The literature describes fasting periods as a consumption of about 400–600 kcal/day. In the 5:2 system, in which caloric restriction is used for two days a week, and a regular diet for 5 days. There are two possible systems, 5:2 or 4:3. Another protocol consists of a 24-h fasting period, alternated with a 24-h eating period, repeated two or three times a week. In a more rigorous approach, the nutritional window can be shortened to 4 h. 16:8, consisting of a 16-h fast, and then an 8-h nutritional window. It may be used in three variants: 16/8, 18/6 and 20/4. The most popular variation is time-restricted feeding. There are two basic varieties of the IF diet. Meals are only consumed within a strictly defined time within a day or week. It involves taking a normal, daily caloric intake with the use of short, strict calorie restriction. For many people, it is considered to be less restrictive compared to traditional methods of calorie restriction (calorie restriction). Currently, the intermittent fasting (IF) diet is gaining popularity. Īlong with the growing epidemic of obesity, the search for new and effective dietetic solutions aimed at reducing calories and reducing body mass was initiated. Consumption of spirits should be limited to 10 g/day in women and 20 g/day in men. Large amounts of alcohol should also be avoided. The eating of red meat, sweetened beverages, and excessively salty foods (daily salt intake < 5 g) should be avoided. It is recommended to eat large amounts of vegetables, fruit, fish, and only whole-grain bread. Meals should be varied, similar to the Mediterranean diet. With the growing problem of obesity in the world, diet changes are an important modifiable factor. Lifestyle adjustments, i.e., smoking cessation, increasing physical activity, or ensuring proper body weight, reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. The control of risk factors allows for a reduction of mortality and pathogenicity, in particular in patients with unrecognized cardiovascular disease. Treatment of cardiovascular diseases includes patient training in the context of the importance of lifestyle changes, taking into account pharmacotherapy and invasive therapy. The coexistence of two or more risk factors increases the likelihood of the disease occurrence. However, smoking, obesity, lack of physical activity, disorders of lipid metabolism, hypertension, diabetes, and poor diet are among the modifiable factors. Age, gender, or genetic determinants are factors beyond our control. Modifiable and unmodifiable factors contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases.
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These differences are related to the cardio protective effect of estrogens in premenopausal women. Between the ages of 45–59, men predominate, while after the age of 60, the death rate is higher in women. The mortality rate is different in both sexes in any given period of life. They most often affect people over 45 years of age. According to WHO (World Health Organization) data, 17.9 million people die every year due to cardiovascular diseases, which is about one third of all deaths. Cardiovascular diseases are a serious problem in the modern world.